RBSE Class 12 Agriculture Biology: The Ultimate Guide
Complete Syllabus | Deep Notes | 7 SVG Diagrams | Exam Focus
📑 Contents (विषय सूची)
Why This Guide is Different: यह केवल Notes नहीं है। यह एक Mini-Textbook है। हमने Deep Concepts को SVG Diagrams के साथ समझाया है ताकि आप Board Exam में न केवल Pass हों, बल्कि Topper बनें।
Unit 1: Agriculture Scenario (कृषि परिदृश्य)
Chapter 1: Role & Importance of Agriculture
कृषि (Agriculture) केवल फसल उगाना नहीं है, यह एक Ecosystem Service है। भारत में इसे प्राथमिक क्षेत्र कहा जाता है।
Deep Dive: Economic Contribution
- GDP Contribution: ~18% (Source: Economic Survey 2024-25). यह भारत की आत्मनिर्भरता का प्रतीक है।
- Employment: लगभग 41.5% श्रमशक्ति कृषि में लगी है।
- Food Security: Buffer Stock (FDI) बनाए रखना।
Chapter 2: Agricultural Institutions
अनुसंधान और विकास के लिए संस्थाएं जरूरी हैं।
| Institution | Established | Key Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| ICAR | 1929 | Apex body for co-ordination. |
| IARI (Pusa) | 1905 | Green Revolution varieties (Wheat). |
| CSWRI (Avikanagar) | 1960 | Sheep & Wool improvement. |
Unit 2: Crop Production (फसल उत्पादन)
Chapter 3: Soil & its Management
मृदा (Soil) एक Dynamic Natural Body है।
Humus (सड़ी हुई वनस्पति) Topsoil को काला बनाता है और जल धारण क्षमता बढ़ाता है।
Chapter 4: Manures vs Fertilizers
दोनों का उद्देश्य पौधों को पोषक तत्व देना है, लेकिन Mechanism अलग है।
- Manure: Slow release, improves soil structure, low nutrient concentration.
- Fertilizer: Instant release, specific nutrients (NPK), can degrade soil biology.
Chapter 5: Irrigation Systems
सिंचाई (Irrigation) का अर्थ है 'Artificial application of water'.
- नहरें (Canals): 40% area (e.g., Indira Gandhi Canal).
- सिंचाई कुएं (Wells): 60% area.
- Drip & Sprinkler: Modern techniques for Water Use Efficiency (WUE).
Chapter 6: Weed Control
खरपतवार (Weeds) की परिभाषा: "Unwanted plants growing with crops."
- Herbicides: Chemicals to kill weeds (e.g., 2,4-D, Atrazine).
- Biological Control: Using insects/animals (e.g., Cochineal insect for Prickly Pear).
Unit 3: Major Crops (प्रमुख फसलें)
Chapter 7: Cereal Crops
अनाज (Cereals) belong to Poaceae family. They are rich in Carbohydrates.
Chapter 8: Pulse Crops
दलहन (Pulses) are rich in Proteins (20-25%).
Deep Concept: Nitrogen Fixation
Pulses have Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules. They convert atmospheric Nitrogen (N₂) into Ammonia (NH₃). This is a Symbiotic Relationship.
Chapter 9 & 10: Oilseeds & Commercial Crops
- Groundnut, Mustard (Oilseeds).
- Sugarcane (Cash Crop), Cotton ("White Gold").
Unit 4: Horticulture (बागवानी)
Chapters 11-13: Vegetables, Fruits & Flowers
बागवानी एक विज्ञान है।
| Category | Examples | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Vegetables | Tomato, Potato, Onion | Short duration, high nutrition |
| Fruits | Mango, Banana, Citrus | Perennial crops |
| Flowers | Rose, Marigold | Aesthetic value |
Unit 5: Animal Husbandry (पशुपालन)
Chapter 14: Cattle Breeds
पशुपालन का उद्देश्य Milk, Meat, Wool & Labour प्राप्त करना।
Chapter 17: Poultry Farming
पोल्ट्री अंडा और मांस का सबसे सस्ता स्रोत है।
- लेयर (Layer): अंडे के लिए (e.g., White Leghorn). Body size small.
- ब्रॉयलर (Broiler): मांस के लिए. Fast growth (6-7 weeks).
Chapter 19: Animal Diseases
- Foot & Mouth Disease (मुंह-खुर रोग): Virus. Blisters in mouth/feet.
- Rinderpest (रिंडरपेस्ट): Virus. High fever.
- Anthrax (गलघंटू): Bacteria (Bacillus anthracis).
Unit 6: Genetics (आनुवंशिकी)
Chapter 20: Mendel's Laws
आनुवंशिकी के पिता Gregor Johann Mendel.
Unit 7: Biotechnology (जैव प्रौद्योगिकी)
Chapter 21: Applications
जैव प्रौद्योगिकी कृषि में क्रांति ला रही है।
Key Terms
- Bt Cotton: Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. Pest resistant.
- Golden Rice: Vitamin A (Beta-carotene) rich.
- Tissue Culture: Micro-propagation of plants.
📝 Top 15 Expected Questions (Board Exam 2026)
- Draw Soil Profile diagram. (Most Important)
- Explain Nitrogen Cycle with diagram.
- Write differences between Manure and Fertilizer.
- Describe Mitosis vs Meiosis.
- Write a short note on Murrah Buffalo.
- What is Law of Segregation? Explain with example.
- Why are Legumes good for soil?
- Classification of Cattle Breeds in India.
- Write symptoms of Foot & Mouth Disease.
- Layer vs Broiler poultry.
- Importance of IARI and ICAR.
- What is Herbicide? Give 2 examples.
- Draw structure of Dicot Seed.
- Kharif vs Rabi crops.
- Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture.
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