Hindi Shabd (शब्द) Guide: Tatsam, Tadbhav, Deshaj, Videshaj, Synonyms & Examples | Part 4
📅 Wednesday, 18 March 2026📖 पढ़ रहे हैं...
Hindi Shabd (शब्द): Tatsam, Tadbhav, Deshaj, Videshaj, Synonyms & Examples | Part 4 | ncertclasses.comSkip to main content
LEARN HINDI GRAMMAR SERIES — PART 4 OF 13
Hindi Shabd — The Complete Word Guide
शब्द — हिंदी के शब्दों की सम्पूर्ण मार्गदर्शिका
Master 4 types of Hindi words by origin, 40 Tatsam-Tadbhav pairs, synonyms, antonyms, multi-meaning words, word composition — with 200+ vocabulary examples. The bridge from reading to understanding Hindi.
This guide includes: 40 Tatsam-Tadbhav pairs + 60 core vocabulary + 16 antonym pairs + 5 synonym groups + 18 Videshaj source examples + anekarthi words & more.
4
Word Origins
50
Tatsam-Tadbhav Pairs
200+
Vocabulary Examples
10
Quiz Questions
PART 4📖 15–20 min read🎯 Beginner–IntermediatePublished: March 25, 2026
📚 School-level grammar |
🌍 For global English speakers |
🎯 Exam-ready content
📅 Published: March 25, 2026✍️ By: ncertclasses.com Editorial Team📚 Part 4 of 13
📝 Editorial Note: This article follows school-level Hindi grammar conventions aligned with NCERT and RBSE standards. Designed as a beginner-friendly guide for English speakers and global learners worldwide.
A Shabd (शब्द) is a meaningful word in Hindi. Hindi words come from 4 origins: Tatsam (direct Sanskrit), Tadbhav (evolved Sanskrit), Deshaj (native Indian), and Videshaj (foreign languages). Understanding origins helps you recognize thousands of words instantly and helps you learn vocabulary in patterns — much faster than isolated word-by-word memorization.
शब्द के 4 भेद (उत्पत्ति के आधार पर): तत्सम (सीधे संस्कृत से) • तद्भव (संस्कृत से बदलकर) • देशज (भारतीय भाषाओं से) • विदेशज (विदेशी भाषाओं से)
Section 1
What is Shabd? — Shabd vs Padशब्द क्या है? — शब्द और पद में अंतर
Letters (Varn) → Word (Shabd) → Word in sentence (Pad) → Complete sentence (Vakya) — the journey of language
Key rule: Every Pad is a Shabd in use — but not every Shabd is yet functioning as a Pad.
A Shabd (शब्द) is a meaningful combination of Varn (letters) that carries a specific meaning. When placed inside a sentence with a grammatical role, it becomes a Pad (पद).
📌
Shabd vs Pad — The Key Distinction
Shabd = a word in isolation (dictionary form). Pad = the same word inside a sentence, now with a grammatical role — often changing its form. Example: पानी (water) is a Shabd. In "मुझे पानी चाहिए" it is a Pad (object of the verb).
Section 2
4 Origins of Hindi Wordsहिंदी शब्दों के 4 स्रोत
4 origins of Hindi words — shaped by India's long history of civilization, trade, and cultural exchange
①🕉️Tatsamतत्समtat=that + sam=same (Sanskrit)
Words borrowed directly from Sanskrit with no change — used in formal, literary, and religious contexts.
कर्मधर्मपुष्पनयनवायुअग्नि
②🌱Tadbhavतद्भवtat=that + bhav=born of
Words evolved from Sanskrit through centuries of popular use — simpler pronunciation, the backbone of everyday Hindi.
फूलआगगाँवआँखदूधघर
③🌏Deshajदेशजdesh=country (native origin)
Words originated within India through local languages and tribal communities — not from Sanskrit.
खिड़कीलोटापगड़ीडिब्बाथैला
④🌐Videshajविदेशजvidesh=foreign country
Words borrowed from foreign languages through trade, conquest, and colonial history.
किताबदुकानस्कूलबसचायकमीज़
🌍
Indian-Origin Words the Whole World Already Uses!
Many Indian-origin (Hindi/Sanskrit) words are now global English words, diffused worldwide through trade, culture, and the British colonial period: Karma (कर्म), Guru (गुरु), Avatar (अवतार), Jungle (जंगल), Shampoo (चम्पू), Bungalow (बँगला), Loot (लूट), Yoga (योग), Thug (ठग), Pundit (पंडित). Hindi traveled to the world long before the internet!
Section 3
Tatsam — Sanskrit Words Preserved in Hindiतत्सम शब्द — संस्कृत से सीधे आए
Tatsam (तत्सम) = tat (that) + sam (same). These are Sanskrit words used in Hindi exactly as they were in Sanskrit. Found heavily in literature, philosophy, religion, and official language.
💡
Tatsam-English Connection — Indo-European Language Family
Sanskrit and English are distantly related (both Indo-European), so many Tatsam words connect to English roots: Sanskrit नव (nav) → English "new". Sanskrit मातृ (matr) → English "mother". Sanskrit त्रि (tri) → English "three". Recognizing these makes Tatsam far more memorable!
Common Tatsam Words — 20 Key Examples
कर्मkarmaaction/deed
धर्मdharmaduty/religion
पुष्पpushpaflower
नयनnayaneye
वायुvaayuair/wind
अग्निagnifire
ग्रामgraamvillage
जलjalwater
सूर्यsooryasun
चन्द्रchandramoon
रात्रिraatrinight
दिवसdivasday
मातृmaatrumother
पितृpitrufather
सत्यsatyatruth
विद्याvidyaaknowledge
हस्तhastahand
पत्रpatraletter/leaf
स्वर्णswarnagold
मुखmukhaface/mouth
Section 4
Tadbhav — Evolved Everyday Wordsतद्भव शब्द — परिवर्तित रूप
Sanskrit Tatsam words evolved into simpler Tadbhav forms through natural use over 2,000+ years
Tadbhav words are the living pulse of daily Hindi. When you buy groceries, chat with friends, watch Bollywood — you are mostly using Tadbhav words. They evolved from Sanskrit through centuries of natural speech.
🏆
Exam Tip — How to Identify Tatsam vs Tadbhav
Tatsam signals: complex consonant clusters (क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ), formal Sanskritic feel, endings like -ति/-त्व/-ण. Tadbhav signals: simpler pronunciation, nasalized vowels (माँ, आँख, गाँव), sounds natural in rapid speech. Quick test: Does it feel like a pandit's formal word? → Tatsam. Does it sound like street conversation? → Tadbhav.
⚡ Quick Identification Guide — Spot the Origin Fast
Tatsam vs Tadbhav — 40 Pairs You Must Knowतत्सम-तद्भव — 40 महत्वपूर्ण जोड़े
📱 On mobile: swipe the table horizontally to see all columns →
These pairs appear in Hindi exams (CBSE, RBSE, state boards). Understanding them reveals the relationship between Sanskrit and modern Hindi — like seeing a language's DNA.
Tatsam (Sanskrit)
Tadbhav (Hindi)
Meaning
Tatsam
Tadbhav
पुष्प
फूल
flower
दुग्ध
दूध
अग्नि
आग
fire
हस्त
हाथ
ग्राम
गाँव
village
पाद
पाँव
नयन
आँख
eye
दन्त
दाँत
मुख
मुँह
mouth/face
नासिका
नाक
वायु
हवा
air/wind
केश
बाल
जल
पानी
water
ओष्ठ
होंठ
सूर्य
सूरज
sun
उदर
पेट
चन्द्र
चाँद
moon
मातृ
माँ
रात्रि
रात
night
पितृ
पिता/बाप
कर्म
काम
work/action
भ्राता
भाई
गृह
घर
home
क्षेत्र
खेत
स्वर्ण
सोना
gold
रजत
चाँदी
सप्त
सात
seven
अष्ट
आठ
दश
दस
ten
नव
नया
दीपक
दीया
lamp
पर्ण
पत्ता
शर्करा
शक्कर
sugar
वत्स
बच्चा
श्याम
साँवला
dark
हृदय
हिय/दिल
विद्यालय
पाठशाला
school
दिवस
दिन
कार्य
काज
task
ग्राहक
गाहक
Section 6
Deshaj & Videshaj — Native & Foreign Wordsदेशज और विदेशज शब्द
Deshaj — Native Indian Words
📌
Classification Note
Deshaj word classification follows school-level Hindi grammar conventions (NCERT/RBSE). Precise etymological origin of individual words is sometimes debated in academic linguistics — for exam purposes, use the standard school-level list.
खिड़कीkhirkeewindow
लोटाlotawater vessel
पगड़ीpagriturban
डिब्बाdibbabox/tin
थैलाthailaabag/sack
ठेलाthelaapushcart
झोलाjholaashoulder bag
टोपीtopeecap/hat
Videshaj — Words from Foreign Languages
📌
Origin Note
Foreign words often entered Hindi indirectly — many Arabic/Turkish/Portuguese words came through Persian, Urdu, or colonial contact rather than directly. This article follows school-level classification. For exam purposes: "entered Hindi through Persian/Urdu usage" is a safe description.
किताबkitaabbook (Arabic)
दुकानdukaanshop (Persian)
स्कूलschoolschool (English)
बसbusbus (English)
चायchaaytea (Chinese)
कमराkamraaroom (Persian)
कमीज़kameezshirt (Arabic/Persian)
अलमारीalmaaricupboard (Portuguese)
तोपtopcannon (Turkish)
बाग़baaghgarden (Persian)
ज़मीनzameenland (Persian)
डॉक्टरdoctordoctor (English)
रेलrailrail (English)
सफ़रsafarjourney (Arabic)
मेज़meztable (Portuguese)
साबुनsaabunsoap (Arabic route)
औरतauratwoman (Arabic)
ज़िन्दगीzindageelife (Persian)
📖 शब्द के अर्थ-सम्बन्धी भेद — Words Classified by Meaning Relations
पर्यायवाची (Synonyms) Same/similar meaning — जल=पानी=नीर
विलोम (Antonyms) Opposite meaning — दिन↔रात
अनेकार्थी (Multi-meaning) One word, many meanings — पत्र
Section 7
Paryayvachi Shabd — Synonymsपर्यायवाची शब्द — समानार्थी
Paryayvachi (पर्यायवाची) = synonyms. Hindi has rich synonyms — often from different origins (Tatsam vs Tadbhav), used in different contexts (formal vs casual, poetic vs everyday).
पानीpaanee= water
जलjal (formal)
नीरneer (literary)
अम्बुambu (poetic)
सलिलsalil (Tatsam)
वारिvaari (Sanskrit)
सूर्यsoorya= sun
सूरजsooraj
रविravi
दिनकरdinkar
भानुbhaanu
भास्करbhaaskar
फूलphool= flower
पुष्पpushpa
सुमनsuman
कुसुमkusum
प्रसूनprasoon
घरghar= home/house
गृहgriha (formal)
निवासnivaas
आवासavaas
मकानmakaan (structure)
भवनbhavan (building)
माँmaan= mother
माताmaataa
जननीjanani
अम्बाamba
मातृmaatru
अम्माamma
Section 8
Vilom Shabd — Antonymsविलोम शब्द — विपरीतार्थी
Every new antonym pair = 2 words learned at once. A vocabulary superpower!
दिनdinday
↔
रातraatnight
सुखsukhhappiness
↔
दुखdukhsorrow
अच्छाachhagood
↔
बुराburaabad
आनाaanaato come
↔
जानाjaanaato go
प्रेमpremlove
↔
घृणाghrinaahatred
जीवनjeevanlife
↔
मृत्युmrityudeath
सचsachtruth
↔
झूठjhoothlie
गरमgaramhot
↔
ठंडाthandaacold
लंबाlambaatall/long
↔
छोटाchhotaashort/small
जीतjeetvictory
↔
हारhaardefeat
नयाnayaanew
↔
पुरानाpuraanaaold
आसानaasaaneasy
↔
मुश्किलmushkildifficult
शुरूshurubeginning
↔
अंतantend
ऊपरooparabove/up
↔
नीचेnechebelow/down
धीरेdheereslow
↔
जल्दीjaldeefast
बोलनाbolnaato speak
↔
सुननाsunnaato listen
Section 9
Anekarthi Shabd — Multi-meaning Wordsअनेकार्थी शब्द — एक शब्द, अनेक अर्थ
Like English "bank" (river bank / financial bank), many Hindi words carry multiple distinct meanings. Context is everything!
Word
Roman
Multiple Meanings + Examples
अर्थ
artha
1. Meaning — इस शब्द का अर्थ बताओ। (Tell the meaning of this word.) 2. Money — अर्थ के बिना जीवन कठिन है। (Life is difficult without money.) 3. Purpose — context-dependent
काल
kaal
1. Time/Tense — काल तीन प्रकार का होता है। (Tense is of 3 types.) 2. Death — काल से कोई नहीं बच सकता।3. Yesterday/Tomorrow — काल मैं आऊँगा।
पत्र
patra
1. Letter — मैंने पत्र लिखा।2. Leaf — पत्र झड़ रहे हैं।3. Newspaper — समाचार पत्र पढ़ो।
हार
haar
1. Defeat — टीम की हार हुई।2. Garland/Necklace — फूलों का हार पहनाया।
कर
kar
1. Hand — कर जोड़कर प्रार्थना करो।2. Tax — कर चुकाना ज़रूरी है।3. Do (verb) — काम कर।
Word Composition — Vikar & Avikar Shabdविकारी और अविकारी शब्द
Hindi words classified by whether they change form in a sentence (Vikar) or stay fixed (Avikar). This is the foundation of understanding how Hindi sentences work.
Vikar (Changes Form)
Sangya — Noun (संज्ञा)
लड़का→लड़कीलड़के→लड़कियाँ
Vikar (Changes Form)
Sarvanam — Pronoun (सर्वनाम)
मैं→मुझे→मेरावह→उसे→उसका
Vikar (Changes Form)
Visheshan — Adjective (विशेषण)
अच्छा→अच्छीबड़ा→बड़ी
Vikar (Changes Form)
Kriya — Verb (क्रिया)
जाता→जातीगया→गई→गए
Avikar (Never Changes)
Kriyavisheshan — Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
यहाँवहाँधीरेजल्दी
Avikar (Never Changes)
Sambandh Bodhak — Postposition (संबंधबोधक)
मेंपरसेकोके लिए
Avikar (Never Changes)
Samuchay Bodhak — Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
औरयालेकिनकिन्तु
Avikar (Never Changes)
Vismayadi Bodhak — Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक)
वाह!अरे!ओह!हाय!
🔑
The Core Rule — Vikar Changes, Avikar Never Does
Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs (Vikar) change forms in sentences depending on gender, number, and tense. Adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, and interjections (Avikar) are always the same. This distinction underpins every grammar rule in Parts 5–12 of this series.
Section 11
Essential Hindi Vocabulary — 60 High-Frequency Wordsअनिवार्य हिंदी शब्दकोश
These 60 high-frequency words appear in the majority of everyday Hindi conversations — master them and you can handle basic communication right away.
Common Word Usage Mistakesसामान्य शब्द-प्रयोग की गलतियाँ
1️⃣
Using Tatsam words in casual speech sounds unnaturally formal
Saying नयन (nayan = eye) in casual chat sounds strangely literary. Say आँख (aankhh (aankh)) instead. Reserve Tatsam words for poetry, literature, or formal writing — not everyday conversation.
2️⃣
Paryayvachi words are NOT always perfectly interchangeable
घर (ghar = home, emotional) vs मकान (makaan = house, physical structure). जल (jal = water, formal/literary) vs पानी (paani = water, everyday). Choosing the wrong register can sound awkward even when technically correct.
3️⃣
Missing Anekarthi context leads to confusing errors
काल means time/tense, death, AND yesterday/tomorrow. हार means defeat AND necklace. पत्र means letter, leaf, AND newspaper. Always read context before interpreting multi-meaning words.
4️⃣
Assuming Hindi grammar never changes word forms
Vikar Shabd (nouns, verbs, adjectives) DO change their forms. अच्छा लड़का (achha ladka = good boy) becomes अच्छी लड़की (achhi ladki = good girl). The adjective changed! Understanding which words change (Vikar) and which don't (Avikar) is fundamental to speaking correctly.
Section 13
Quick Revision Blockत्वरित पुनरावृत्ति
📊 Shabd — Complete Reference Summary
4 Origins (उत्पत्ति)
तत्सम • तद्भव देशज • विदेशज
Sanskrit→evolved→native→foreign
Key Tatsam→Tadbhav
पुष्प→फूल अग्नि→आग जल→पानी
flower•fire•water
Paryayvachi (Synonyms)
पानी=जल=नीर सूरज=रवि=भानु
Same meaning, different register
Vilom (Antonyms)
दिन↔रात सुख↔दुख सच↔झूठ
day↔night•happy↔sad•truth↔lie
Vikar (Changes form)
Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb Change with gender/number/tense
Avikar (Never changes)
Adverb, Postposition, Conjunction, Interjection Always same form
10 questions • School-level Hindi grammar • Tap an answer to check
Q 1 of 10
The word "फूल" (phool = flower) is which type of word?
✓ Correct! फूल is Tadbhav — it evolved from the Sanskrit Tatsam word पुष्प (pushpa). Tadbhav words are simplified, evolved versions of their Sanskrit originals.
✗ Incorrect. फूल is Tadbhav — evolved from Sanskrit पुष्प (pushpa). Tadbhav words are the everyday forms of Sanskrit words.
Q 2 of 10
The word "किताब" (book) comes from which language?
✓ Correct! किताब comes from Arabic (كتاب = kitāb). It entered Hindi through Persian during the Mughal period — a Videshaj word.
✗ Incorrect. किताब is from Arabic (كتاب = kitāb = book). It is a Videshaj word that entered Hindi through Persian during the Mughal era.
Q 3 of 10
What is the Tatsam (Sanskrit) form of the Tadbhav word आग?
✓ Correct! आग (aag = fire) evolved from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni). The same Sanskrit root gives us English "ignite"! This is a classic Tatsam-Tadbhav pair.
✗ Incorrect. The Tatsam form of आग (fire) is अग्नि (agni). It is the Sanskrit word for fire — also the root of English "ignite".
Q 4 of 10
Which of these is a Deshaj (native Indian) word?
✓ Correct! खिड़की (window) is a Deshaj word — it originated in India through local languages, not from Sanskrit or any foreign language. किताब is Arabic, पुष्प is Sanskrit (Tatsam), स्कूल is English.
✗ Incorrect.खिड़की (window) is the Deshaj word — native Indian origin. किताब = Arabic, पुष्प = Tatsam Sanskrit, स्कूल = English.
Q 5 of 10
What are Paryayvachi Shabd?
✓ Correct! Paryayvachi Shabd (पर्यायवाची शब्द) are synonyms — words with the same or similar meaning. For example: पानी, जल, नीर, अम्बु, सलिल — all mean "water".
✗ Incorrect. Paryayvachi Shabd are synonyms — same or similar meaning. Example: पानी = जल = नीर = water. Vilom Shabd are antonyms (opposite meanings).
Q 6 of 10
The Paryayvachi (synonym) of सूरज (sun) is:
✓ Correct! रवि is a Paryayvachi (synonym) of सूरज/सूर्य — all mean "sun." Other synonyms: दिनकर, भानु, भास्कर. रात = night, सागर = ocean, चाँद = moon.
✗ Incorrect.रवि is the synonym of सूरज (sun). Other synonyms: दिनकर, भानु, भास्कर. रात = night, सागर = ocean, चाँद = moon (different things!).
Q 7 of 10
The Vilom (antonym) of सुख (happiness) is:
✓ Correct! दुख (dukh = sorrow) is the Vilom (antonym) of सुख (sukh = happiness). This is one of the most classic antonym pairs in Hindi — सुख-दुख.
✗ Incorrect. The Vilom of सुख (happiness) is दुख (dukh = sorrow). खुशी is a synonym of सुख, not its antonym.
Q 8 of 10
The word पत्र is an Anekarthi (multi-meaning) word. Which of these is NOT one of its meanings?
✓ Correct! पत्र does NOT mean river (that would be नदी). पत्र means: letter/mail, leaf (tree leaf), and newspaper (समाचार पत्र). River is "नदी" — completely different word.
✗ Incorrect. पत्र means letter, leaf, and newspaper — but NOT river. River = नदी. The correct answer is "River" — that is the meaning पत्र does NOT have.
Q 9 of 10
Which category of words CHANGES FORM in a sentence based on gender?
✓ Correct! Vikar Shabd (nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs) change their forms based on gender, number, and tense. Avikar Shabd (adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions) never change.
✗ Incorrect.Vikar Shabd change form based on gender/number/tense. Avikar Shabd never change. Videshaj/Deshaj refer to origin, not grammatical behavior.
Q 10 of 10
Which of these Hindi words is globally used in English today?
✓ Correct! योग (Yoga) is now a global English word — used worldwide! Other Hindi/Sanskrit words in English: Karma, Guru, Avatar, Jungle, Shampoo, Bungalow, Loot, Pundit, Thug.
✗ Incorrect.योग (Yoga) is now a global English word used worldwide. Hindi has contributed: Karma, Guru, Avatar, Jungle, Shampoo, Bungalow, Loot, Pundit, Thug, Yoga to English.
ncertclasses.com is an independent educational platform, not officially affiliated with NCERT or CBSE.
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questionsअक्सर पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्न
Shabd (शब्द) means word in Hindi — a meaningful sound or combination of sounds. When a Shabd is placed in a sentence with a grammatical role, it becomes a Pad (पद). Shabd is the basic building block of the Hindi language, classified by origin, grammatical behavior, meaning relationships, and more.शब्द = सार्थक ध्वनि-समूह। वाक्य में प्रयुक्त शब्द 'पद' कहलाता है।
Tatsam (तत्सम): Words borrowed directly from Sanskrit with no change — like कर्म (karma), पुष्प (pushpa = flower), अग्नि (agni = fire). Used in formal/literary Hindi. Tadbhav (तद्भव): Words that evolved from Sanskrit through centuries of popular use — simpler pronunciation. Like फूल (evolved from पुष्प), आग (from अग्नि), गाँव (from ग्राम). The backbone of everyday spoken Hindi.तत्सम = संस्कृत से सीधे (अपरिवर्तित) | तद्भव = संस्कृत से बदलकर (सरल रूप)
Deshaj (देशज): Words native to India, not from Sanskrit — from local Indian dialects and tribal languages. Examples: खिड़की (window), लोटा (water vessel), पगड़ी (turban). Videshaj (विदेशज): Foreign loanwords — from Persian (दुकान, कमरा), Arabic (किताब, औरत), English (स्कूल, बस), Portuguese (अलमारी, मेज़), Turkish (तोप, चाकू).देशज = भारतीय भाषाओं से | विदेशज = विदेशी भाषाओं से
Paryayvachi Shabd (पर्यायवाची शब्द) are synonyms — words with the same or very similar meaning. For example, synonyms for "water": पानी, जल, नीर, अम्बु, सलिल. For "sun": सूरज, सूर्य, रवि, दिनकर, भानु. Note that synonyms in Hindi often differ in register — formal vs casual, Tatsam vs Tadbhav, poetic vs everyday. Not all synonyms are perfectly interchangeable in every context.पर्यायवाची = समान अर्थ वाले शब्द | उदाहरण: पानी=जल=नीर=अम्बु
Vilom Shabd (विलोम शब्द) are antonyms — words with opposite meanings. Classic pairs: दिन↔रात (day↔night), सुख↔दुख (happiness↔sorrow), सच↔झूठ (truth↔lie), प्रेम↔घृणा (love↔hatred), जीवन↔मृत्यु (life↔death). Learning antonym pairs is one of the fastest ways to build Hindi vocabulary — every pair gives you 2 words at once!विलोम = विपरीत अर्थ वाले शब्द | दिन↔रात | सुख↔दुख | सच↔झूठ
A Shabd (शब्द) is a word in its dictionary/isolated form — it has meaning but no specific grammatical role yet. A Pad (पद) is the same word placed inside a sentence, now carrying a grammatical role (subject, object, verb, etc.) and often changing its form. Simple rule: Every Pad is a Shabd in use — but not every Shabd is yet a Pad.शब्द = कोशगत रूप (isolated) | पद = वाक्य में प्रयुक्त शब्द (in sentence)
Hindi Shabd can be classified in multiple ways: (1) By origin — 4 types: Tatsam, Tadbhav, Deshaj, Videshaj. (2) By grammatical behavior — 2 types: Vikar (changes form) and Avikar (never changes). (3) By meaning relation — Paryayvachi (synonyms), Vilom (antonyms), Anekarthi (multi-meaning). School-level exams most commonly test the 4 origin types.उत्पत्ति के आधार पर 4 प्रकार | विकार के आधार पर 2 प्रकार | अर्थ के आधार पर 3 प्रकार
No — they are opposite concepts! Paryayvachi (पर्यायवाची) = synonyms — words with the SAME or similar meaning (like पानी, जल, नीर — all meaning water). Vilom (विलोम) = antonyms — words with OPPOSITE meanings (like दिन ↔ रात, सुख ↔ दुख). A helpful memory trick: Paryayvachi = "parallel/similar" and Vilom = "reversed."पर्यायवाची = समान अर्थ | विलोम = विपरीत अर्थ — ये दोनों एक-दूसरे के विपरीत हैं
Tatsam words are used in Hindi, but mostly in formal writing, literature, religious texts, news, and official language — not in casual everyday conversation. In daily speech, people prefer the Tadbhav equivalents: you would say आँख (aankhh (aankh)), not नयन (nayan) for "eye" in casual talk. However, some Tatsam words like धर्म, कर्म, देश, काम are used in both formal and informal speech.तत्सम शब्द = औपचारिक भाषा, साहित्य, धर्म में। बोलचाल में तद्भव शब्द अधिक प्रचलित हैं।
📚 Learn Hindi Grammar Series — All 13 Parts
Parts 5 onward publishing progressively — bookmark and check back.
NCERT Classes is an independent private educational platform for students of Classes 6 to 12. This website provides study materials, notes, tests, and exam resources based on the NCERT syllabus for learning and academic preparation. We are not affiliated with NCERT, CBSE, RBSE, or any government organization.
Welcome to Sarkari Service Prep™ – your ultimate destination for UPSC, SSC, Banking, and other competitive exam preparation. We provide high-quality study material, quizzes, and exam updates to help aspirants succeed. Join us and make your government job dream a reality!
No comments:
Post a Comment