NCERT Class 6 English Poorvi — Unit 2: Friendship
Complete Notes, Word Meanings, Summaries & Exercise Answers | कक्षा 6 अंग्रेजी Poorvi इकाई 2
📖 Source: NCERT Class 6 English Poorvi, Unit 2 — Friendship (Reprint 2026-27, NCERT, New Delhi)
📚 विषय-सूची / Contents
Unit 2 — Friendship: Overview
Unit 2 of NCERT Class 6 English Poorvi is themed around Friendship — one of the most important bonds in human life. The unit contains three pieces:
- The Unlikely Best Friends — A story based on a Jataka Tale about the friendship between Gajaraj the elephant and Buntee the dog
- A Friend's Prayer — A poem by Jill Wolf expressing the qualities of true friendship
- The Chair — A story about Mario and his grandfather's clever way of revealing who true friends really are
Core Theme: True friendship goes beyond differences, popularity, and comfort. Real friends stand by you, support you in difficult times, accept you as you are, and help make your dreams come true.
📚 Also Read — Class 6 English Poorvi
Story 1: The Unlikely Best Friends
Source: Jataka Tale (The Elephant and the Dog) | Type: Story | Unit 2, Chapter 4 (Poorvi)
Word Meanings — The Unlikely Best Friends
| Word / Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Royal stables | A place where the king's animals (horses, elephants) are kept |
| Mahout | A person who takes care of and trains elephants |
| Booth | A rectangular enclosed space / stall |
| Interacted | Talked or engaged with someone |
| Strayed | Wandered away from where one should be |
| Wagged | Moved (tail) quickly from side to side |
| Plunging | Jumping or diving into water |
| Yelped | Made a sharp cry, usually from surprise or pain |
| Delighted | Very happy and pleased |
| Tossed | Threw something lightly |
| Winced | Made a slight grimace or movement due to pain or distress |
| Objection | Disagreement or disapproval |
| Munching | Eating steadily and enthusiastically |
| Convey | Express or communicate |
| Unlikely | Not expected to happen; surprising or unusual |
Summary — The Unlikely Best Friends
Part I: Gajaraj, a royal elephant, lived in the best booth of the king's stables. The king took great care of him. Despite all the royal comforts, Gajaraj was lonely because he had no friends. The mahout was his only companion — a kind caretaker, but not a friend who could play with him.
One late evening, a stray dog wandered into the stable. Gajaraj saw that the visitor was tired and hungry. He generously pushed some of his food towards the dog. The dog wagged its tail in gratitude, ate, and fell asleep. The next morning, the mahout found the dog and let it stay, noticing that Gajaraj seemed happy with the company.
Part II: The two became inseparable friends. They played together, bathed together in the pond (where Gajaraj playfully splashed water with his trunk — making the dog yelp since it hated showers!), and the elephant would lift the dog with his trunk and carry it on his back.
One day, a farmer recognized the dog as Buntee, his own lost dog, and took him away. Both Gajaraj and Buntee stopped eating after the separation — each missing the other deeply. The mahout noticed Gajaraj's sadness. The farmer, seeing Buntee's misery at home, understood and released him: "If you miss your friend so much, go to him."
Reunion: Buntee ran back to the stable. Gajaraj lifted him joyfully with his trunk and swung him around. The mahout brought food for both. The farmer, who followed Buntee back, joined the mahout — and a new friendship formed between the two humans as well. The story ends with two pairs of friends, all eating together happily.
Moral: True friendship transcends all differences — species, size, background. Kindness, empathy, and mutual care are the foundations of lasting bonds. Even the most "unlikely" friendships can be the most beautiful.
Exercise Answers — The Unlikely Best Friends
Let us discuss (Before reading)
Friends are important because ___________
Friends are important because they make us feel happy, safe, and understood. They support us in difficult times, share our joys, and help us grow as individuals.
Let us discuss — During Reading
Q1. Why did the farmer hug Buntee?
The farmer hugged Buntee because he was overjoyed to see his lost dog after a long time. He had been searching for Buntee, and finding him on the elephant's back brought him great happiness.
Q2. Do you think Buntee will leave Gajaraj and go home with the farmer?
No, Buntee is unlikely to leave Gajaraj voluntarily. The story shows a deep and inseparable bond between them. Even when the farmer took Buntee home, the dog refused to eat and became sad. This shows Buntee would not willingly leave his best friend.
Let us think and reflect
I.(a)(i) Complete with one word: mahout : kind :: Gajaraj : ___________
sad
I.(a)(ii) The mahout was a good caretaker because he gave ___ to Gajaraj and a ___ in the pond.
food and a bath
I.(a)(iii) What is the difference between a friend and a caretaker?
A caretaker looks after a person's or animal's physical needs — providing food, healthcare, and safety. A friend, on the other hand, provides emotional support, shares feelings, plays together, and cares about the other person's happiness. Friendship is a deeper, more personal bond.
I.(b)(i) The farmer uses the word ___ to refer to the elephant.
friend
I.(b)(ii) How did the farmer know Buntee was hungry?
The farmer knew Buntee was hungry because Buntee had not touched any of the food given to him since being brought home. He appeared sad and weak, clearly missing Gajaraj deeply.
I.(b)(iii) Why did the farmer remove the rope with which he had tied Buntee?
The farmer removed the rope because he could not bear to see Buntee suffering out of longing for his friend. His kindness and understanding made him prioritize Buntee's happiness over keeping him home.
I.(b)(iv) Complete with one word: Gajaraj : Buntee :: ___ : farmer
mahout
II. Give two examples to show that Gajaraj was very happy to have a friend.
1. Gajaraj playfully splashed water from his trunk on Buntee while bathing in the pond — a gesture of playful affection.
2. Gajaraj lifted Buntee with his trunk and placed him on his back, giving him a ride home — showing how much he enjoyed the dog's company.
2. Gajaraj lifted Buntee with his trunk and placed him on his back, giving him a ride home — showing how much he enjoyed the dog's company.
III. How did the mahout come to know that Gajaraj was sad?
The mahout noticed that Gajaraj had stopped eating his food, even his favourite dishes. He checked Gajaraj's physical condition and found nothing physically wrong. He then realized that Gajaraj was emotionally sad — missing Buntee, his only friend.
IV. Why do you think Buntee licked the farmer's hand?
Buntee licked the farmer's hand as a gesture of deep gratitude and love. The farmer had shown great kindness by releasing him so he could return to Gajaraj. Licking his hand was Buntee's way of saying "thank you" and expressing the emotional bond he felt with the kind farmer.
V. What was 'unlikely' about the friendship of Gajaraj and Buntee?
The friendship was 'unlikely' because Gajaraj was a large royal elephant and Buntee was a small stray dog. They are completely different species with no natural reason to bond. Such friendships between such different animals are very rare and unexpected — which is exactly what made their bond so special and beautiful.
Title discussion: What can be the meaning of 'unlikely'?
'Unlikely' means something that is not expected to happen. When we say "unlikely friends," we mean two individuals who seem so different that you would not expect them to be friends — yet they develop a genuine, deep bond.
Let us learn — Opposites using Prefixes
| Word | Prefix | Opposite |
|---|---|---|
| happy | un- | unhappy |
| kind | un- | unkind |
| like | dis- | dislike |
| connect | dis- | disconnect |
| correct | in- | incorrect |
| use | mis- | misuse |
| awake | (opposite) | asleep |
| relieved | (opposite) | worried |
| found | (opposite) | missing |
Paragraph fill with opposites (from the story)
My pencil was missing. I was very worried as it was a gift from my friend. I woke up my elder brother who was asleep on the bed. I told him that my pencil seemed to have disappeared. He unkindly told me to look under my pillow.
Let us Listen — Unlikely Friends (Leopard and Cow)
Based on the listening transcript (Unit 2, page 71), the correct order of events and fill-in:
Fill in the paragraph: The leopard is a wild animal but it became a friend of a cow. When the leopard grew up, it left the village. It came in the night to meet the cow. The leopard would sit beside the cow. They also played together. The villagers were surprised at their friendship.
Correct order of sentences:
1. The cow took care of the leopard cub as a mother.
2. The leopard left the village after growing up.
3. The leopard came to meet the cow at night.
4. The leopard stopped coming regularly.
Fill in the paragraph: The leopard is a wild animal but it became a friend of a cow. When the leopard grew up, it left the village. It came in the night to meet the cow. The leopard would sit beside the cow. They also played together. The villagers were surprised at their friendship.
Correct order of sentences:
1. The cow took care of the leopard cub as a mother.
2. The leopard left the village after growing up.
3. The leopard came to meet the cow at night.
4. The leopard stopped coming regularly.
Poem 2: A Friend's Prayer
Written by Jill Wolf | Type: Poem | Unit 2, Chapter 5 (Poorvi)
Summary & Theme — A Friend's Prayer
A Friend's Prayer by Jill Wolf is a heartfelt poem written as a prayer for friendship. The poet expresses her deep wishes about what it means to be a true friend.
Stanza by Stanza:
- Stanza 1: The poet prays that friendship will always be the most important thing in her life. She feels blessed to have special friends and wants to give her very best to these friendships.
- Stanza 2: She wants to do more than just share hopes and plans — she wants to actively help make her friends' wishes come true.
- Stanza 3: She prays to use her heart (not just her mind) to understand what true friendship really means, without judging friends from a distance.
- Stanza 4: She wishes to love her friends just the way they are — unconditionally, accepting all their qualities, strengths and weaknesses alike.
Poetic devices used: Alliteration ("May my", "friends I feel I'm"), repetition ("let me"), prayer-like tone (words like "May", "wishes", "let", "try").
Theme: True friendship is built on selfless love, active support, non-judgmental acceptance, and the sincere desire to make your friend's life better.
Exercise Answers — A Friend's Prayer
Before we read (Page 52)
Q1. Which of the three sentences (a)–(c) is closest to a prayer?
"May my friend get well soon" is closest to a prayer because it expresses a sincere, heartfelt wish for someone's wellbeing — similar to the humble, earnest tone of a prayer.
Q2. What would you pray for your friend?
I would pray: "May my friend be healthy and happy. May they overcome all challenges with strength. May their dreams come true and may they always have people who truly care for them."
Let us read
Q1. Complete the summary by circling the correct highlighted words.
The poet says a prayer for friendship and friends. She wants friendship should always be an important part of her complete life. She says that her friendship makes her feel special. She wishes to do the best she can for her friends. She wants to listen to the wishes of her friends. As a good friend, she prays that she can make her friend's wishes come true. She wants her heart to understand what a true friend is. She prays that she loves her friends as they are. A true friend accepts their friend for all their qualities.
Q2. Answer in one word only.
(a) How does the poet feel about special friends?
(a) How does the poet feel about special friends?
(a) Blessed
(b) What does the poet use to realise what friends can be?
(b) Her heart
Q3. Underline the parts of the poem you agree with.
The most widely agreed line in the poem is: "Let me use my heart to see, To realise what friends can be, And make no judgements from afar, But love my friends the way they are." — This resonates deeply because it captures the essence of accepting friends unconditionally.
Q4. Give one reason why this poem is a prayer.
The poem uses words like "May," "Let me," "I pray," and "wishes" — all of which give it the sincere, humble tone of a prayer. The poet is not making statements; she is making heartfelt requests, just as one would in a real prayer.
Q5. Why does the speaker 'want to do more' for her friend?
The speaker wants to go beyond simply sharing hopes and plans. She wants to actively participate in making her friends' dreams and wishes come true. This shows her caring and selfless nature — she wants to be a truly supportive friend, not just a passive one.
Q6. Do you think the speaker knows about the wishes of her friend? How can we say so?
Yes, the speaker is aware of her friends' wishes. She specifically mentions wanting to "make their wishes come true," which implies she has listened to and understood what her friends desire. The line "let me use my heart to see" also suggests she pays close attention to her friends' feelings and needs.
Q7. Do you also pray for your friend? What do you wish for?
Yes, I pray for my friends. I wish for their happiness, good health, and success. I hope they have the strength to overcome every difficulty they face and always find people who truly love and support them.
Story 3: The Chair
Type: Story | Unit 2, Chapter 6 (Poorvi)
Word Meanings — The Chair
| Word / Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Companions | People who spend time with you, but may not be true friends |
| Bet | A challenge or wager; to say you are certain about something |
| Fruit chaat | A popular Indian snack made with mixed fruits and spices |
| Attic | The storage space at the top of a house, just below the roof |
| Invisible | Cannot be seen; not visible to the eye |
| Tricky | Difficult and requiring skill or cleverness |
| Technical problem | A practical difficulty (used humorously here) |
| Mid-air | In the middle of the air; not touching the ground |
| Buddies | Close friends |
| Superficial | Only on the surface; not genuine or deep |
| Strong-willed | Having a firm, determined nature; not giving up easily |
Summary — The Chair
Part I: Mario is a young boy who loves to show off about how many friends he has at school. One day, his grandfather challenged him with a bet of fruit chaat: "I bet you don't have as many true friends as you think. Many of them are nothing more than companions or partners."
Mario accepted the bet readily but did not know how to prove it. His grandfather offered to help and went to the attic, returning as though carrying something in his hand. Mario could see nothing. "Take it. It's a very special chair. As it's invisible, it's rather tricky to sit on. But if you take it to school and manage to sit on it, then the magic will work and you'll be able to tell who your real friends are," said the grandfather.
Part II: At school, Mario gathered all his classmates and said, "Nobody moves. You're about to see something amazing." He then tried to sit on the invisible chair — but he missed and fell straight onto his backside. His classmates burst out laughing. "Wait, wait, just a slight technical problem," said Mario, trying again. He kept falling each time, creating more laughter and entertainment for his classmates.
Resolution: Then, on one attempt, Mario did not fall. He was sitting in mid-air — because three of his true friends, Guneet, Asma, and Deepa, had quietly stepped forward and were holding him up. All the others had done nothing but laugh and enjoy his falls. Mario understood the magic of the chair: the people who came forward to help were his real friends. The others were just companions.
That evening, the four friends visited Mario's grandfather. He had won the bet. They celebrated with fruit chaat and stories. From that day, Mario understood the true meaning of friendship.
Moral: True friends are those who support you when you struggle, not those who laugh at your difficulties. Popularity does not equal friendship. A few genuine friends are worth more than a crowd of companions.
Exercise Answers — The Chair
Before we read (Page 59)
Q1. Write two words that come to your mind when you think of friendship.
loyal, caring (also: trust, support, helpful, honest)
Words related to friendship from the grid
Helpful, Laughter, Hope, Trust, Support, Loving, Loyal, Caring
Words that mean 'friend' or 'friends'
buddy, companion, pal, mate, comrade, ally
Let us discuss — During Reading
Q1. Mario was very proud of having so many friends. True or False.
True
Q2. What did the grandfather take from the attic?
The grandfather pretended to take an invisible chair from the attic — something that could not be seen but was presented as magical.
Q3. Will Mario face any challenges?
Yes. The biggest challenge Mario will face is trying to sit on an invisible chair that cannot even be seen, which makes it very tricky to balance on.
Q4. Will Mario be able to use the magic?
Yes. Mario will eventually succeed because his true friends will secretly hold him up, helping him "sit" on the invisible chair and revealing who really cares for him.
Let us discuss — After Reading
Q1. Mario successfully sat on the invisible chair on his first attempt. True or False.
False. He fell on his backside the first time and kept falling several more times.
Q2. Mario's grandfather challenged him to a bet of ___________.
fruit chaat
Q3. Match: Guneet, Asma and Deepa — ___. Others — ___.
Guneet, Asma and Deepa → held Mario up, so he wouldn't fall
Others → made fun of Mario's attempts
Others → made fun of Mario's attempts
Let us think and reflect
I.(a)(i) Fill in the blanks: The chair is ___ and ___.
invisible and special / magical
I.(a)(ii) Why was it tricky to sit on the chair?
It was tricky because the chair was invisible — Mario could not see where it was, making it impossible to balance or aim correctly when sitting down.
I.(a)(iii) Why does Mario's grandfather call the chair 'special'?
The grandfather calls the chair 'special' because it supposedly has the magical quality of revealing who Mario's true friends are. In reality, there was no chair — the real magic was the test itself: which classmates would step forward to help Mario and which would simply laugh.
I.(b)(i) Mario says there was a technical problem because ___________.
he missed the seat (the invisible chair)
I.(b)(ii) Mario's friends were very caring and helpful. True or False.
False — most of his classmates were not caring. They laughed at him. Only Guneet, Asma, and Deepa were truly caring.
I.(b)(iii) Mario wouldn't give up. This shows he is ___.
(a) strong-willed
II.(a) What was the bet about?
The bet was about whether Mario truly had as many real friends as he thought. His grandfather believed that many of Mario's classmates were just companions — not genuine friends who would support him when he needed help.
II.(b) What happened when Mario sat on the chair for the first time?
When Mario tried to sit on the invisible chair for the first time, he missed it completely and fell straight onto his backside. His classmates found this very funny and laughed at him.
II.(c) How was Mario able to find his real friends?
Mario discovered his real friends when he finally "sat" on the invisible chair without falling. He was not actually sitting on a chair — Guneet, Asma, and Deepa had quietly stepped forward and were holding him up. Everyone else just laughed at his previous falls. Those who helped him were his true friends.
II.(d) Do you think the magic chair test was good? Why?
Yes, the magic chair test was a very good idea. It cleverly revealed who among Mario's classmates genuinely cared about him — those who would act rather than just laugh. It was a practical, harmless way to see true friendship in action. The grandfather's wisdom in designing this test was remarkable.
II.(e) What does 'friends for life' mean to you?
'Friends for life' means having friends who stay by your side through all situations — good and bad. They support you in difficulties, celebrate your success, and accept you as you are. These are the friends who don't disappear when things get hard.
II.(f) Mention any other way to find out who your 'real friends' are.
Real friends reveal themselves during difficult situations — such as when you are sick, upset, struggling with a task, or making a mistake. Those who offer help, stand by you, and do not criticize you behind your back are your true friends. You can also see who remembers important events in your life and who is honest with you even when the truth is hard to hear.
Let us Listen — Manu and Monika
Based on the listening transcript (Unit 2, page 73):
- (a) Monika found it difficult when she took admission in the school.
- (b) Manu was helpful and helped Monika in many ways.
- (c) So, it was not so hard for the new girl to adjust in the school.
- (d) Both friends experienced difficult and happy moments together.
- (e) Manu is grateful to Monika for making her life easy and finding a friend.
Complete Grammar Notes — Unit 2
1. Forming Opposites using Prefixes
📌 Prefixes un-, in-, dis-, mis- are added before words to make opposites (antonyms).
| Prefix | Examples |
|---|---|
| un- | unhappy, unkind, unusual, unlike, unfair, unsafe |
| in- | incorrect, incomplete, informal, invisible, inactive |
| dis- | disconnect, disagree, dislike, disappear, dishonest |
| mis- | misuse, misplace, misunderstand, mislead, misbehave |
Gajaraj was sad. (opposite: unsad → more natural: happy, delighted)
2. Past Tenses — Three Forms
📌 There are three important past tenses in English. Unit 2 covers all three.
| Tense | Structure | Use | Example from story |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Past | verb + -ed (or irregular form) | A completed action in the past | The farmer tossed a rope round the dog's neck. |
| Past Progressive | was/were + verb + -ing | An action that was ongoing in the past | The farmer and mahout were watching them. |
| Past Perfect | had + past participle | An action that happened before another past action | The elephant had not eaten anything given to him. |
Exercise answers (from The Unlikely Best Friends):
(a) The farmer tossed a rope — Simple Past
(b) Gajaraj loved to play — Simple Past
(c) The elephant had not eaten — Past Perfect
(d) The farmer and mahout were watching — Past Progressive
(e) The elephant picked up the dog — Simple Past
(f) The dog had also not touched his food — Past Perfect
(b) Gajaraj loved to play — Simple Past
(c) The elephant had not eaten — Past Perfect
(d) The farmer and mahout were watching — Past Progressive
(e) The elephant picked up the dog — Simple Past
(f) The dog had also not touched his food — Past Perfect
3. Adjectives
📌 Adjectives are words that describe qualities of a person or thing. They answer: What kind? How many? Which one?
Examples from The Chair:
- Mario: brave, determined, friendly, strong-willed
- Chair: invisible, magical, special, tricky
- Grandfather: wise, clever, loving, thoughtful
Adjective-Noun combinations (paragraph fill):
Once upon a time in a little village, a/an (i) happy boy named Abhishek found a/an (ii) old book in the attic. He read (iii) amazing stories about fairy lands, (iv) fantastic adventures and (v) old castles. Abhishek's eyes got big as he imagined these (vi) colourful creatures. He told his friends about the stories, and they started to have their own (vii) magical adventures when they played together.
4. Word Building with Suffixes
📌 Suffixes are letters added at the END of a root word to form a new word.
| Root Word | Suffix | New Word |
|---|---|---|
| friend | -ly | friendly |
| sudden | -ly | suddenly |
| kind | -ness | kindness |
| happy | -ness | happiness |
| care | -ful | careful |
| trust | -worthy | trustworthy |
| help | -ful | helpful |
Notice how adding a suffix can change the word class: friend (noun) → friendly (adjective) → friendship (noun)
5. Using Neither…Nor and Either…Or
📌 These are paired conjunctions. Neither…nor shows two negative choices. Either…or shows two possible choices.
Neither Gajaraj nor Buntee ate their food after being separated.
Either you support your friend or you stand aside — there is no middle ground.
📚 Related Articles — NCERTClasses.com
⚡ 30-Second Quick Revision
| Chapter | Type | Key Characters | Core Message |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Unlikely Best Friends | Jataka Story | Gajaraj, Buntee, Mahout, Farmer | True friendship transcends all differences |
| A Friend's Prayer | Poem – Jill Wolf | The poet / speaker | Be selfless, accepting, and non-judgmental |
| The Chair | Story | Mario, Grandfather, Guneet, Asma, Deepa | Real friends help; companions just watch |
| Grammar Topic | Key Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Prefixes (Opposites) | un-, in-, dis-, mis- before root | un+happy = unhappy |
| Simple Past | verb + -ed / irregular form | The farmer tossed a rope. |
| Past Progressive | was/were + verb + -ing | They were watching. |
| Past Perfect | had + past participle | He had not eaten. |
| Adjectives | Describe qualities of nouns | invisible chair, brave Mario |
| Suffixes | -ly, -ful, -ness added to root | friend + -ly = friendly |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1. What is the moral of The Unlikely Best Friends?
True friendship transcends all differences — species, size, or background. Kindness and genuine care build lasting bonds even between the most unlikely pairs.
Q2. Who are Gajaraj and Buntee?
Gajaraj is a royal elephant in the king's stables. Buntee is a stray dog who wanders in one evening. Despite being completely different animals, they form an inseparable friendship — a Jataka tale.
Q3. What is a mahout?
A mahout is a person who cares for and trains elephants — providing food and daily baths. He is a caretaker, not a friend, as the story makes clear.
Q4. Who wrote A Friend's Prayer?
Jill Wolf wrote it — a heartfelt poem expressing selfless love, active support, and unconditional acceptance in friendship.
Q5. What is the magic chair in The Chair?
An invisible chair Mario's grandfather gave as a clever test. No real chair existed. When Mario "sat" mid-air, Guneet, Asma and Deepa were holding him up — revealing his true friends.
Q6. Difference between a friend and a companion?
A companion spends time with you. A true friend actively supports you, stands by you in difficulty, and helps make your wishes come true. Mario's grandfather draws this distinction clearly.
Q7. Who were Mario's true friends?
Guneet, Asma, and Deepa — the three who held Mario up while all others laughed at his falls during the invisible chair test.
Q8. Grammar topics in Unit 2?
Prefixes (un-, in-, dis-, mis-); three past tenses; adjectives and adjective-noun pairs; suffixes (-ly, -ful, -ness); and neither…nor / either…or conjunctions.
Q9. Why is the friendship called 'unlikely'?
'Unlikely' = not expected. A large royal elephant and a small stray dog have no natural reason to bond — making their deep friendship rare, surprising, and beautiful.
Q10. What are Jataka tales?
Ancient Buddhist wisdom stories told for over 2,000 years, teaching life values through animal characters. "The Elephant and the Dog" is the source of this story.
Q11. Theme of A Friend's Prayer?
Selfless friendship — the poet prays to love friends as they are, support them actively, and never judge. Being a good friend matters more than just having friends.
Q12. Simple Past vs Past Progressive vs Past Perfect?
Simple Past: completed action (tossed). Past Progressive: ongoing in past (were watching). Past Perfect: before another past action (had not eaten).
Source: NCERT Class 6 English Poorvi, Unit 2 — Friendship (Reprint 2026-27). Content for educational purposes only. © ncertclasses.com
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