📚 RBSE Class 10 Science
Introduction
The Board of Secondary Education Rajasthan (RBSE) has adopted the NCERT Rationalised Syllabus for session 2025-2026. Class 10 Science comprises 13 chapters divided into four main subjects: Chemistry, Biology, Physics, and Environmental Science.
| Subject Area | Chapters | Marks | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🧪 Chemistry | 4 | 25 | 31.25% |
| 🧬 Biology | 4 | 19 | 23.75% |
| ⚡ Physics | 4 | 31 | 38.75% |
| 🌱 Environment | 1 | 5 | 6.25% |
| Total | 13 | 80 | 100% |
🧪 Chemistry - 25 Marks
1. Chemical Reactions and Equations
⭐ 6 MarksWriting and balancing chemical equations, types of reactions (combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement), oxidation-reduction, exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Combination: 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Decomposition: 2FeSO₄ → Fe₂O₃ + SO₂ + SO₃
Displacement: Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
Double Displacement: AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
2. Acids, Bases and Salts
⭐ 7 MarkspH scale, properties of acids and bases, indicators, neutralization reaction, salt families, water pH, daily life applications.
0-7: Acidic | 7: Neutral | 7-14: Basic
Neutralization:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
| Substance | pH Value | Nature |
|---|---|---|
| HCl (dilute) | 1-2 | Strong Acidic |
| Lemon Juice | 2.2-2.4 | Acidic |
| Pure Water | 7 | Neutral |
| Soap Solution | 9-10 | Basic |
| NaOH (dilute) | 13-14 | Strong Basic |
3. Metals and Non-metals
⭐ 5 MarksPhysical and chemical properties, reactivity series, extraction of metals, corrosion and its prevention, alloys and their uses.
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > H > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au > Pt
Note: Metals above H react with dilute acids to produce H₂ gas
4. Carbon and its Compounds
⭐ 7 MarksCovalent bonding, hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes), functional groups, isomerism, properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid, saponification.
Alkanes (saturated): CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Alkenes (double bond): CₙH₂ₙ
Alkynes (triple bond): CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
Examples:
CH₄ (Methane), C₂H₆ (Ethane), C₂H₄ (Ethene), C₂H₂ (Ethyne)
🧬 Biology - 19 Marks
5. Life Processes
⭐ 8 Marks (Highest)Nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), respiration (aerobic and anaerobic), transportation (blood and lymph), excretion (kidney and nephron).
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Aerobic Respiration:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP
Anaerobic Respiration (Yeast):
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + 2 ATP
6. Control and Coordination
⭐ 6 MarksNervous system, reflex action, parts of brain, endocrine glands and hormones, plant hormones (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin).
| Gland | Hormone | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Thyroid | Thyroxine | Metabolism control |
| Pancreas | Insulin | Blood sugar regulation |
| Adrenal | Adrenaline | Emergency situations |
7. How do Organisms Reproduce
⭐ 7 MarksAsexual reproduction (fission, budding, regeneration), sexual reproduction, flower structure, pollination and fertilization, human reproductive system, contraceptive methods.
8. Heredity and Evolution
⭐ 4 MarksMendel's laws of inheritance, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, sex determination, evolution theories, fossils, human evolution.
P generation: TT (Tall) × tt (Dwarf)
F₁ generation: 100% Tt (All Tall)
F₂ generation: TT : Tt : tt = 1 : 2 : 1 (Genotypic ratio)
Phenotypic ratio: Tall : Dwarf = 3 : 1
⚡ Physics - 31 Marks (Highest Section)
9. Light - Reflection and Refraction
⭐ 8 MarksLaws of reflection, spherical mirrors (concave and convex), mirror formula, refraction, refractive index, Snell's law, lenses (convex and concave), lens formula, power of lens.
Lens Formula: 1/v - 1/u = 1/f
Magnification: m = -v/u = h'/h
Power of Lens: P = 1/f (in diopters, f in meters)
Refractive Index: n = c/v = sin i / sin r
Focal Length: f = R/2
10. The Human Eye and Colourful World
⭐ 4 MarksStructure of human eye, defects of vision (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia) and their correction, scattering of light, blue sky, rainbow formation.
| Defect | Cause | Correction |
|---|---|---|
| Myopia (Short-sightedness) | Elongated eyeball | Concave lens |
| Hypermetropia (Long-sightedness) | Shortened eyeball | Convex lens |
| Presbyopia (Old age) | Reduced accommodation | Bifocal lens |
11. Electricity
⭐ 7 MarksElectric current, potential difference, Ohm's law, resistance and resistivity, series and parallel combination of resistors, electric power, electric energy.
Series Combination: Rs = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
Parallel Combination: 1/Rp = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
Electric Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Electric Energy: E = Pt = VIt = I²Rt
Commercial Unit: 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
Resistivity: R = ρl/A
12. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
⭐ 6 MarksMagnetic field, magnetic field lines, magnetic field due to current-carrying conductor, Fleming's left-hand and right-hand rules, electric motor, electric generator, domestic electric circuits.
| Device | Principle | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| Electric Motor | Force on current-carrying conductor | Fleming's Left-Hand Rule |
| Electric Generator | Electromagnetic Induction | Fleming's Right-Hand Rule |
🌱 Environment - 5 Marks
13. Our Environment
⭐ 5 MarksEcosystem components, producers-consumers-decomposers, food chain and food web, 10% energy law, biomagnification, ozone layer depletion, waste management (3R).
Sun → 10,000 J
Producers (Plants) → 1000 J (10%)
Primary Consumers → 100 J (10%)
Secondary Consumers → 10 J (10%)
Remaining 90% lost as heat
📐 Complete Formula Sheet
• Ohm's Law: V = IR
• Mirror Formula: 1/v + 1/u = 1/f
• Lens Formula: 1/v - 1/u = 1/f
• Magnification: m = -v/u
• Power of Lens: P = 1/f (diopters)
• Series Resistance: Rs = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
• Parallel Resistance: 1/Rp = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
• Electric Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
• Electric Energy: E = Pt = VIt
• 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
Chemistry Formulas:
• Alkanes: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (single bond)
• Alkenes: CₙH₂ₙ (double bond)
• Alkynes: CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ (triple bond)
• pH = 7 (neutral), <7 (acid), >7 (base)
• Reactivity: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > H > Cu > Ag > Au
Biology Formulas:
• Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• Aerobic Respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP
• Anaerobic (Yeast): C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + 2 ATP
• Energy Transfer: 10% at each level
🎯 Exam Preparation Strategy
🔥 Highest Priority (8 marks each):
• Life Processes (8 marks) - Digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion
• Light - Reflection & Refraction (8 marks) - Formulas, ray diagrams
⭐ High Priority (7 marks each):
• Electricity (7 marks) - All formulas, numerical
• Acids-Bases-Salts (7 marks) - pH, neutralization
• Carbon Compounds (7 marks) - Hydrocarbons, functional groups
• Reproduction (7 marks) - Flower diagram, human reproduction
✓ Medium Priority (6 marks):
• Chemical Reactions (6 marks)
• Control & Coordination (6 marks)
• Magnetic Effects (6 marks)
○ Lower Priority (4-5 marks):
• Metals & Non-metals (5 marks)
• Environment (5 marks)
• Human Eye (4 marks)
• Heredity (4 marks)
1. Write given values first
2. Choose correct formula
3. Convert units (cm → m, W → kW)
4. Substitute and solve
5. Write final answer with correct unit
6. Follow sign convention (mirrors/lenses)
✓ Human digestive system (labeled)
✓ Human heart (4 chambers)
✓ Kidney and nephron
✓ Reflex arc
✓ Human brain (3 parts)
✓ Flower (sepals, petals, stamens, carpel)
✓ Human eye
✓ Electric motor and generator
✓ Food chain
✓ Ray diagrams (mirrors and lenses)
No comments:
Post a Comment