Active and Passive Voice
कर्तृवाच्य और कर्मवाच्य
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar | Board Exam 2025-26 | 1 Mark
🎯 Learning Objectives (सीखने के उद्देश्य)
इस article को पढ़ने के बाद आप सीखेंगे:
- Active और Passive Voice में अंतर
- सभी Tenses में Voice Change के Rules
- Special Cases और Exceptions
- Board Exam Pattern Questions को solve करना
📋 Contents (विषय सूची)
01 Introduction (परिचय)
Voice (वाच्य) tells us whether the subject of a sentence performs the action or receives the action.
Voice (वाच्य) हमें बताता है कि वाक्य का कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया को करता है या क्रिया को सहता है।
🔵 Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)
Subject करता है काम
राम सेब खाता है। (राम काम कर रहा है)
🔴 Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)
Subject पर होता है काम
सेब राम द्वारा खाया जाता है। (सेब पर काम हो रहा है)
02 Basic Concept with Diagram (मूल अवधारणा)
🔄 Transformation Flowchart (रूपांतरण प्रवाह चार्ट)
(कर्ता)
(क्रिया)
(कर्म)
(कर्म → कर्ता बनता है)
(Helping + Past Participle)
(द्वारा + कर्ता)
📝 Pronoun Changes (सर्वनाम परिवर्तन)
| Subject (कर्ता) | → | Object (कर्म) | Object (कर्म) | → | Subject (कर्ता) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | → | me | me | → | I |
| We | → | us | us | → | We |
| You | → | you | you | → | You |
| He | → | him | him | → | He |
| She | → | her | her | → | She |
| It | → | it | it | → | It |
| They | → | them | them | → | They |
03 Master Formula (मास्टर सूत्र) 🔑
🌟 UNIVERSAL PASSIVE FORMULA 🌟
कर्म + सहायक क्रिया + V3 + by + कर्ता
💡 Helping Verb (be) Changes According to Tense:
| Present: | is, am, are / is being, am being, are being / has been, have been |
| Past: | was, were / was being, were being / had been |
| Future: | will be / will have been |
04 Tense-wise Rules (सभी 12 Tenses)
📘 PRESENT TENSES (वर्तमान काल)
1. Simple Present Tense (सामान्य वर्तमान)
Active Structure:
S + V1/V1+s/es + O
Passive Structure:
O + is/am/are + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
Hindi: वह पत्र लिखती है। → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है।
2. Present Continuous Tense (वर्तमान अपूर्ण)
Active Structure:
S + is/am/are + V1+ing + O
Passive Structure:
O + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: They are playing cricket.
Passive: Cricket is being played by them.
3. Present Perfect Tense (वर्तमान पूर्ण)
Active Structure:
S + has/have + V3 + O
Passive Structure:
O + has been/have been + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: He has completed the work.
Passive: The work has been completed by him.
📙 PAST TENSES (भूतकाल)
4. Simple Past Tense (सामान्य भूतकाल)
Active Structure:
S + V2 + O
Passive Structure:
O + was/were + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: She wrote a poem.
Passive: A poem was written by her.
5. Past Continuous Tense (भूत अपूर्ण)
Active Structure:
S + was/were + V1+ing + O
Passive Structure:
O + was being/were being + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: They were building a house.
Passive: A house was being built by them.
6. Past Perfect Tense (भूत पूर्ण)
Active Structure:
S + had + V3 + O
Passive Structure:
O + had been + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: I had finished my work.
Passive: My work had been finished by me.
📗 FUTURE TENSES (भविष्य काल)
7. Simple Future Tense (सामान्य भविष्य)
Active Structure:
S + will/shall + V1 + O
Passive Structure:
O + will be + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: She will sing a song.
Passive: A song will be sung by her.
8. Future Perfect Tense (भविष्य पूर्ण)
Active Structure:
S + will have + V3 + O
Passive Structure:
O + will have been + V3 + by + S
Example:
Active: They will have completed the project.
Passive: The project will have been completed by them.
📊 Quick Reference Table (त्वरित संदर्भ तालिका)
| Tense | Active | Passive Helping Verb |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | V1/V1+s/es | is/am/are + V3 |
| Present Continuous | is/am/are + V-ing | is/am/are being + V3 |
| Present Perfect | has/have + V3 | has been/have been + V3 |
| Simple Past | V2 | was/were + V3 |
| Past Continuous | was/were + V-ing | was being/were being + V3 |
| Past Perfect | had + V3 | had been + V3 |
| Simple Future | will/shall + V1 | will be + V3 |
| Future Perfect | will have + V3 | will have been + V3 |
05 Modal Verbs (सहायक क्रियाएं)
Formula: Object + Modal + be + V3 + by + Subject
Modals: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need
| Modal | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| can | She can do this work. | This work can be done by her. |
| may | He may help you. | You may be helped by him. |
| must | We must obey the rules. | The rules must be obeyed by us. |
| should | You should respect elders. | Elders should be respected by you. |
| could | She could solve the problem. | The problem could be solved by her. |
| would | They would accept the offer. | The offer would be accepted by them. |
| ought to | We ought to help the poor. | The poor ought to be helped by us. |
06 Special Cases (विशेष स्थितियां)
🔴 1. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)
Rule: Question word (if any) + Helping Verb + Subject + V3 + by + Object?
| Type | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Question | Did she write a letter? | Was a letter written by her? |
| Wh-Question (Object) | What did you buy? | What was bought by you? |
| Who (Subject) | Who wrote this book? | By whom was this book written? |
| Whom (Object) | Whom did you meet? | Who was met by you? |
🟢 2. Imperative Sentences (आज्ञार्थक वाक्य)
Rule: Let + Object + be + V3 (for orders/requests)
Negative: Let + Object + not be + V3
| Type | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| Order | Open the door. | Let the door be opened. |
| Request | Please help me. | You are requested to help me. |
| Advice | Work hard. | You are advised to work hard. |
| Negative | Don't touch the wire. | Let the wire not be touched. |
🟠 3. Double Object Sentences (दो कर्म वाले वाक्य)
Rule: Either object can become subject. Usually, the Indirect Object (person) becomes subject.
Indirect Object: Person (को) | Direct Object: Thing (क्या)
Active: She gave me a book.
Passive 1: I was given a book by her. ✓ (Preferred)
Passive 2: A book was given to me by her. ✓
07 When Passive is NOT Possible ❌
⚠️ Passive Voice संभव नहीं है जब:
- Intransitive Verbs (अकर्मक क्रिया): जिनके साथ Object नहीं होता
Examples: go, come, sleep, run, walk, sit, die, live
✗ He goes to school. (No passive) - Linking/State Verbs: be, seem, appear, become, look, feel
✗ She is beautiful. (No passive) - Verbs of Possession: have, own, possess, belong, contain
✗ He has a car. (No passive) - Reflexive Pronouns as Object: myself, yourself, etc.
✗ She hurt herself. (No passive) - Reciprocal Pronouns: each other, one another
✗ They love each other. (No passive)
08 Memory Tricks (याद करने के तरीके) 🧠
🎯 Trick 1: "OBV" Rule
Object + Be + V3
कर्म + होना + तीसरा रूप
🎯 Trick 2: "SOB" to "OBS" (उल्टा करो!)
Active: Subject → Object → by
Passive: Object → Be+V3 → by Subject
🎯 Trick 3: Present Perfect का Rule (Hindi में)
"Has/Have" को "Has Been/Have Been" बनाओ
जैसे: has written → has been written
🎯 Trick 4: Continuous Tense = "Being" Add करो
is/am/are + being + V3 (Present Continuous)
was/were + being + V3 (Past Continuous)
📝 हिंदी में याद रखें (Quick Hindi Summary)
| Active: | राम सेब खाता है। (काम करने वाला पहले) |
| Passive: | सेब राम द्वारा खाया जाता है। (जिस पर काम हो रहा है वो पहले) |
| पहचान: | Passive में "by" + V3 (third form) होता है। |
09 Practice Questions (50+ अभ्यास प्रश्न)
🟢 Level 1: Basic (आसान) - 10 Questions
Instructions: Change the following sentences into Passive Voice.
🟡 Level 2: Intermediate (मध्यम) - 10 Questions
🔴 Level 3: Advanced (कठिन) - 10 Questions
📝 MCQ Type Questions (बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न) - 10 Questions
Q31. "A letter is being written by her." The Active Voice is:
(a) She wrote a letter.
(b) She writes a letter.
(c) She is writing a letter.
(d) She has written a letter.
Q32. "The work has been completed." is in:
(a) Simple Present Passive
(b) Simple Past Passive
(c) Present Perfect Passive
(d) Past Perfect Passive
Q33. Choose the correct Passive: "They are building a house."
(a) A house is built by them.
(b) A house is being built by them.
(c) A house was being built by them.
(d) A house has been built by them.
Q34. "She can solve this problem." Passive Voice:
(a) This problem is solved by her.
(b) This problem can be solved by her.
(c) This problem could be solved by her.
(d) This problem was solved by her.
Q35. Which sentence CANNOT be changed to Passive Voice?
(a) She writes a letter.
(b) They play cricket.
(c) He goes to school.
(d) Ram eats an apple.
Q36. "Open the door." Passive Voice:
(a) The door is opened.
(b) The door was opened.
(c) Let the door be opened.
(d) The door should be opened.
Q37. "Who wrote this book?" Passive Voice:
(a) Who was written this book?
(b) By whom was this book written?
(c) This book was written by who?
(d) Was this book written by whom?
Q38. "She gave me a gift." Passive (starting with 'I'):
(a) A gift was given to me by her.
(b) I was given a gift by her.
(c) Me was given a gift by her.
(d) I have been given a gift by her.
Q39. "The rules must be obeyed." Active Voice:
(a) We must obey the rules.
(b) We should obey the rules.
(c) We can obey the rules.
(d) We may obey the rules.
Q40. "English is spoken all over the world." Active:
(a) All over the world speaks English.
(b) People speak English all over the world.
(c) English speaks all over the world.
(d) The world speaks English.
✏️ Fill in the Blanks - 5 Questions
✅ True or False - 5 Questions
10 Previous Year Board Questions (पिछले वर्षों के प्रश्न)
📚 RBSE Board Exam Questions
2023: Change into Passive Voice: "The teacher is teaching the students."
Answer: The students are being taught by the teacher.
2022: Change into Passive Voice: "She wrote a beautiful poem."
Answer: A beautiful poem was written by her.
2021: Change into Passive Voice: "They will complete the project tomorrow."
Answer: The project will be completed by them tomorrow.
2020: Change into Passive Voice: "He has finished his homework."
Answer: His homework has been finished by him.
11 Answer Key (उत्तर कुंजी)
🟢 Level 1 Answers
| Q. | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| 1 | A letter is written by her. |
| 2 | Cricket is played by them. |
| 3 | A book is read by him. |
| 4 | An apple is eaten by Ram. |
| 5 | The lesson was taught by the teacher. |
| 6 | A song was sung by her. |
| 7 | A car will be bought by him. |
| 8 | A house is being built by them. |
| 9 | A poem has been written by her. |
| 10 | The work had been completed by him. |
🟡 Level 2 Answers
| Q. | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| 11 | The thief is being chased by the police. |
| 12 | My purse has been stolen (by someone). |
| 13 | English is spoken all over the world. |
| 14 | This problem can be solved by her. |
| 15 | The rules must be obeyed by you. |
| 16 | A movie was being watched by them. |
| 17 | The project will have been completed by the company. |
| 18 | Her elders should be respected by her. |
| 19 | You may be helped by him. |
| 20 | The house had been being painted by them. |
🔴 Level 3 Answers
| Q. | Passive Voice |
|---|---|
| 21 | By whom was this book written? |
| 22 | What was bought by you? |
| 23 | Let the door be opened. |
| 24 | You are requested to help me. |
| 25 | Let the wire not be touched. |
| 26 | I was given a book by her. / A book was given to me by her. |
| 27 | We were taught English by the teacher. |
| 28 | It is time for the work to be done. |
| 29 | He was seen crossing the road by me. |
| 30 | He is believed to be honest. |
📝 Other Sections Answers
| Q. | Answer | Q. | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | (c) | 41 | was written |
| 32 | (c) | 42 | is spoken |
| 33 | (b) | 43 | will be completed |
| 34 | (b) | 44 | is being built |
| 35 | (c) | 45 | had been arrested |
| 36 | (c) | 46 | False |
| 37 | (b) | 47 | True |
| 38 | (b) | 48 | True (when agent is unknown) |
| 39 | (a) | 49 | False |
| 40 | (b) | 50 | False |
🎯 Board Exam Tips (परीक्षा टिप्स)
✅ Most Important
- Simple Present & Past
- Modal Verbs (can, must)
- Present Perfect
⚡ Quick Check
- Tense identify करो
- Object को Subject बनाओ
- V3 use करो
⚠️ Common Mistakes
- Pronoun change भूलना
- Wrong helping verb
- V3 की जगह V2 लिखना
See Also (यह भी देखें)
- Tenses - Complete Guide
- Subject-Verb Concord
- Complex Sentences
- Reported Speech (Direct and Indirect)
★ Marwari Mission 100 ★
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar - Active and Passive Voice
Article 16 of RBSE Grammar Series
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📚 RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Series 📚
Complete Board Exam 2025-26 Preparation | Marwari Mission 100
Tenses (काल)
12 Tenses with Rules & Examples
Subject-Verb Concord
Agreement Rules & 50+ Questions
Complex Sentences
Transformation & Clauses
Active & Passive Voice
Transformation Rules & Practice
Reported Speech
Direct to Indirect Conversion
Question Tags
Rules & 50+ Practice Questions
Modals (Modal Auxiliaries)
Can, May, Must, Should & More
Framing Questions
Yes/No & Wh-Questions
🎯 Board Exam 2025-26 | Grammar Section: 10 Marks
✨ Marwari Mission 100 - Your Path to Success! ✨
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