Tenses in English Grammar

काल - अंग्रेजी व्याकरण

Tenses (काल)
Board	RBSE
Class	10th
Subject	English
Marks	4
Total Tenses	12

Tense (काल) English Grammar का वह भाग है जो बताता है कि कोई कार्य कब होता है। यह शब्द Latin के "Tempus" से आया है जिसका अर्थ है "Time" (समय)।

English में 3 Main Tenses हैं और प्रत्येक के 4 Forms हैं, कुल 12 Tenses।

Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)

1. Present Indefinite

पहचान: ता है, ती है, ते हैं

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + V1/V1+s,es	He plays.
Negative	S + do/does + not + V1	He does not play.
Interrogative	Do/Does + S + V1?	Does he play?

Rules:

• He, She, It → V1 + s/es (does in negative)
• I, We, You, They → V1 (do in negative)

Key Words: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, daily, every day

2. Present Continuous

पहचान: रहा है, रही है, रहे हैं

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + is/am/are + V-ing	He is playing.
Negative	S + is/am/are + not + V-ing	He is not playing.
Interrogative	Is/Am/Are + S + V-ing?	Is he playing?

Helping Verb: I → am | He/She/It → is | We/You/They → are

Key Words: now, right now, at present, currently, Look!, Listen!

3. Present Perfect

पहचान: चुका है, चुकी है, लिया है, दिया है

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + has/have + V3	He has played.
Negative	S + has/have + not + V3	He has not played.

Helping Verb: He/She/It → has | I/We/You/They → have

Key Words: just, already, yet, ever, never, recently, since, for

4. Present Perfect Continuous

पहचान: रहा है + समय (since/for)

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + has/have + been + V-ing	He has been playing since morning.

Since vs For:

• Since = Point of time (since morning, since 2020)
• For = Period of time (for 2 hours, for 5 years)

Past Tense (भूतकाल)

1. Past Indefinite

पहचान: आ, ई, ए, या, था, थी, थे

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + V2	He played.
Negative	S + did + not + V1	He did not play.
Interrogative	Did + S + V1?	Did he play?

Key Words: yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2020

2. Past Continuous

पहचान: रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + was/were + V-ing	He was playing.
Negative	S + was/were + not + V-ing	He was not playing.

Helping Verb: I/He/She/It → was | We/You/They → were

3. Past Perfect

पहचान: चुका था, चुकी थी, लिया था

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + had + V3	He had played.

Key Words: before, after, already, by that time

4. Past Perfect Continuous

पहचान: रहा था + समय (since/for)

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + had + been + V-ing	He had been playing for 2 hours.

Future Tense (भविष्य काल)

1. Future Indefinite

पहचान: गा, गी, गे, ऊंगा, ऊंगी

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + will/shall + V1	He will play.
Negative	S + will/shall + not + V1	He will not play.

Key Words: tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, later

2. Future Continuous

पहचान: रहा होगा, रही होगी, रहे होंगे

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + will/shall + be + V-ing	He will be playing.

3. Future Perfect

पहचान: चुका होगा, चुकी होगी, लिया होगा

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + will/shall + have + V3	He will have played.

Key Words: by tomorrow, by next week, by 5 o'clock

4. Future Perfect Continuous

पहचान: रहा होगा + समय (since/for)

Type	Structure	Example
Affirmative	S + will + have + been + V-ing	He will have been playing.

Complete Tense Chart

Tense	Structure	Hindi पहचान
Present Indefinite	S + V1/V1+s,es	ता है, ती है
Present Continuous	S + is/am/are + V-ing	रहा है, रही है
Present Perfect	S + has/have + V3	चुका है, लिया है
Present Perfect Cont.	S + has/have + been + V-ing	रहा है + since/for
Past Indefinite	S + V2	आ, ई, ए, था
Past Continuous	S + was/were + V-ing	रहा था, रही थी
Past Perfect	S + had + V3	चुका था, लिया था
Past Perfect Cont.	S + had + been + V-ing	रहा था + since/for
Future Indefinite	S + will + V1	गा, गी, गे
Future Continuous	S + will + be + V-ing	रहा होगा
Future Perfect	S + will + have + V3	चुका होगा
Future Perfect Cont.	S + will + have + been + V-ing	रहा होगा + since/for

Tense पहचानना

Quick Identification

Hindi Ending	Tense
ता है, ती है, ते हैं	Present Indefinite
रहा है, रही है, रहे हैं	Present Continuous
चुका है, लिया है	Present Perfect
आ, ई, ए, या, था	Past Indefinite
रहा था, रही थी	Past Continuous
चुका था, लिया था	Past Perfect
गा, गी, गे	Future Indefinite
रहा होगा, रही होगी	Future Continuous
चुका होगा, लिया होगा	Future Perfect

Common Mistakes

Wrong ❌	Correct ✓	Rule
He did not went.	He did not go.	did + V1
He play cricket.	He plays cricket.	He + V1+s
since two hours	for two hours	for = period
They has done.	They have done.	They + have
I am knowing.	I know.	No continuous

Practice Questions

Fill in the blanks:

1. She ______ (go) to school daily. [goes]
2. They ______ (play) cricket now. [are playing]
3. I ______ (finish) homework yesterday. [finished]
4. He ______ (live) here since 2010. [has been living]
5. The train ______ (leave) before we reached. [had left]
6. We ______ (visit) Jaipur tomorrow. [will visit]
7. She ______ (cook) when I called. [was cooking]
8. I ______ (never see) such a place. [have never seen]

Identify the Tense:

1. Ram is reading. — Present Continuous
2. She has written. — Present Perfect
3. They played yesterday. — Past Indefinite
4. I will go tomorrow. — Future Indefinite
5. He had been waiting. — Past Perfect Continuous

Important Verbs:

V1	V2	V3
go	went	gone
come	came	come
eat	ate	eaten
write	wrote	written
see	saw	seen
take	took	taken
give	gave	given
do	did	done
make	made	made
know	knew	known

See Also

• Subject-Verb Concord
• Active and Passive Voice
• Reported Speech